Database indexing is a performance optimization technique that improves data retrieval speed. Indexes organize data in structures that allow queries to locate records quickly without scanning entire tables.
Creating an index involves selecting columns that are frequently used in search conditions or joins. Different index types exist, each optimized for specific workloads. While indexes improve read performance, they can slow down write operations because indexes must be updated when data changes.
Administrators must monitor index usage to identify unused or inefficient indexes. Periodic maintenance such as rebuilding or reorganizing indexes helps maintain optimal performance.
Effective indexing reduces query response times and improves application scalability, but poor index design can negatively impact system performance.
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